Single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit

ABSTRACT

A single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit comprising a power management unit U 1 , field effect transistors Q 1 ˜Q 2 , capacitors C 1 ˜C 5 , resistors R 1 ˜R 8 , a diode D 1  and an inductor L 1 . The product fills the gap in the market where there is no automatic charging-discharging switching circuit with the same interface, which enables the same interface (VCC/GND) to realize discharging and charging functions. The circuit of the disclosure is simple and has broad application prospects. The product of the disclosure uses a 5V-30V power supply to charge, and mobile phone adapters, portable power supply and other 5V power supply can be used as chargers. It is not limited by the 5V voltage of the traditional power supply, and the range of the input voltage of charging is wide.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application 202010524487.9, filed on Jun. 10, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure relates to the field of electronic technology, and specially relates to a single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit, in particular to be used in the charging management of lithium batteries or lead-acid batteries.

BACKGROUND

Most of the existing electronic control circuits have dual-interfaces: one used for input and the other used for output. The existing circuits suffer problems such as low precision of the boosted output voltage, small and unstable continuous output current, and lack of under-voltage protection for the built-in lithium battery.

In addition, complicated and inconvenient operations need to be performed by operators for input or output. Furthermore, frequent plugging-unplugging operations can easily do damage to the interface, causing the device to be unusable or scrapped, leading to scrapped power supplies (or batteries) and environmental pollution.

For example, most common portable power supplies have dual-interfaces, one standard universal serial bus (USB) structural interface for input and another mini USB, type-C or Apple interface for power output. Other single-in, double-out, or multiple-out structures are variations of the foregoing structure. When the interface of the portable power supply is damaged, consumers tend to buy new ones and discard the old ones directly, causing lots of waste of resources and environmental pollution.

Moreover, the existing power supplies are of low charging efficiency and unstable current. In particular, the existing power supplies cannot output stable and continuous current above 3A, easily causing electrical failure or even damage to the electrical equipment/charging equipment.

Thus, it is necessary to develop a novel charging-discharging management circuit to meet the demand for high-power, continuous, and stable charging, and to develop the market for single-interface charging-discharging devices.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the disclosure provides a single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit as follows:

a single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit, including a power management unit (PMU) U1, field effect transistors Q1˜Q2, capacitors C1˜C5, resistors R1˜R8, a diode D1 and an inductor L1; wherein,

the power management unit U1 includes an LED (charging indicator), an LVD (discharging indicator), an EN (enabling control boost) port, a VDD (internal system power supply) port, a GND (system ground) port, a VSET/NTC (battery voltage selection) port, a CS (charging current detection) port, a BATT (battery connection) port, a GN (low-end MOS gate drive) port, a SW (connected inductor) port, a GP (high-end MOS gate drive) port, a VHS (high-end MOS bootstrap) port, a VCC (DC-DC output) port, an FBH (feedback high) port, an FBL (feedback low) port, a DCIN (low-voltage charging input detection) port, and an EPAD (bottom heat sink) port;

one end of the resistor R1, one end of the resistor R2, and the anode of the diode D1 are connected together as the DCIN port in the circuit; the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the DCIN port of the power management unit U1;

the cathode of the diode D1, one end of the resistor R5, the VCC port of the power management unit U1, one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the capacitor C2, and the source of the field effect transistor Q1 are connected together as the VCC port in the circuit; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the VHS port of the power management unit U1; the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded;

the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the FBH port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the resistor R4;

the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the FBL port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the resistor R3; the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded;

the gate of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the GP port of the power management unit U1; the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the SW port of the power management unit U1, the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 and one end of the inductor L1;

the gate of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the GN port of the power management unit U1; the source of the field effect transistor is grounded;

the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with the BATT port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C4; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of the resistor R8;

the co-node of the other end of the inductor L1, the BATT port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C4 is the positive electrode of the power supply in the circuit; the co-node of one end of the resistor R7 and one end of the resistor R8 is the negative electrode of the power supply in the circuit;

the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the CS port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C5; the other end of the resistor R8, the other end of the capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C5 and the GND port are all grounded;

the VSET/NTC port of the power management unit U1 is grounded via the resistor R6; Furthermore, the VSET/NTC (battery voltage selection) port is the port for battery voltage selection and temperature detection, which can be used for VSET/NTC (battery voltage selection), and also for NTC temperature detection;

the EN port of the power management unit U1 and the VDD port of the power management unit U1 are connected with one end of the capacitor C3; the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded.

Furthermore, the power management unit U1 includes an LVD (low-voltage battery warning signal) port and an LED (charging indicator) port, wherein the LVD port is the LVD port in the circuit, used for low-voltage detection on battery when the power supply (or battery) is discharging; and the LED port is the LED port in the circuit, used as a charging indicator LED when the battery or power supply is charging.

Moreover, the circuit is an automatic charging-discharging switchable, 100WMAX synchronous boost and 1-3 cells lithium or lead-acid battery charging management circuit with an external power transisor and having the same interface and the single inductor, the circuit supports 5-24V input to charge lithium or lead-acid batteries with a maximum charging current up to 4 A.

In the circuit, D1, C1, C2, Q1, Q2, L1, C4, C5, R7 and R8 constitute a built-in charging switch control circuit with current-limiting function; the circuit is capable of constant current and constant voltage charging controlled by temperature regulation, and supports 0V charging for lithium battery, the circuit can regulate the preset voltage for fully charging the battery with a high-precision: VFULL=4.2V/8.4V/12.6V/14.1V (±1.0%); with a mechanism as follows:

the power management unit (PMU) U1 has an integrated Boost synchronous boost charging controller with a standby function and with a switching frequency of 350 KHz,

when the pin EN (i.e. EN (enabling control boost) port, the “port” and the “pin” are synonymous in the disclosure) is connected to a high level, the boost operation is performed and an output voltage output from the VCC pin is set by feedback resistors; the feedback resistors refer to resistors R5, R4 and R3 in the circuit. The applications in the drawings are RH (R5), RM (R4), RL (R3).

$V_{OUT} = {\frac{R_{5} + R_{4} + R_{3}}{R_{4} + R_{3}} \times V_{REF}}$

wherein, V_(REF) is the reference voltage; V_(OUT) is Vout.

Furthermore, the power supply (or battery) is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply in the circuit; that is one end of the power supply (or battery) is connected with the co-node of the other end of the inductor L1, the BATT port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C4, wherein the co-node is the positive electrode; the other end of the power supply (or battery) is connected with the co-node formed by one end of resistor R7 and one end of resistor R8, wherein the co-node is the negative electrode;

in the boost-discharging mode, the battery voltage is limited to not lower than the minimum voltage (V_(MIN));

when the battery voltage is lower than the low voltage threshold (V_(LVD)), the LVD pin will switch from high impedance to low impedance, and the voltage will be converted from high level to low level;

when the battery voltage is lower than the locking threshold (V_(UVLO)), the chip will be locked.

Battery Type V_(UVLO) V_(MIN) V_(LVD−) V_(LVD+) Lithium 1 cell 2.83 V 2.97 V 3.40 V 3.57 V Lithium 2 cell 5.66 V 5.95 V 6.80 V 7.14 V Lithium 3 cell 8.50 V 8.92 V 10.2 V 10.71 V Lead-acid 9.16 V 9.62 V 11.0 V 11.55 V

In the above table, Lithium 1 cell is a single-cell lithium battery, Lithium 2 cell is a 2-cell series-connected lithium battery, Lithium 3 cell is a 3-cell series-connected lithium battery, and Lead-acid is a lead-acid battery.

The charging critical point (VIN) at the VCC pin is regulated to the lowest level defined by the feedback resistors (R3, R4, and R5).

$V_{IN} = {\frac{R_{3} + R_{4} + R_{5}}{R_{5}} \times V_{REF}}$

in the discharging mode, the converter will detect the voltage V_(OUT) and the voltage Y_(IN) of the VCC pin:

if the voltage of VCC is higher than the charging critical point (V_(IN)), the circuit will enter the charging mode;

if the voltage of VCC is lower than the charging critical point (V_(IN)), the circuit will enter the battery boost mode;

when the external adapter is connected to the VCC for power supply, the power of the adapter is not enough and the voltage is lower than the critical point (V_(IN)), the converter will boost the voltage to VOUT to supplement the power supply, which improves the reduced load capacity caused by insufficient power of the adapter, thus reducing the cost of the adapter power supply.

if no external adapter is connected to VCC for power supply or the voltage of VCC is lower than the charging critical point (V_(IN)), the circuit will enter the battery boost mode.

Moreover, the boost output voltage of the circuit is of high-precision:

VOUT=5˜24V(±2.5%);

The circuit can continuously output large current: IOP=6 A (when the total power is 120 W);

This circuit has under-voltage protection for the lithium battery: VUVLO=2.83V*N.

The LVD port of the circuit is connected to an external LED, which flashes when charging, and is normally on after full charging; the package form of the circuit is eLQFN16, 3×3 mm.

The power management unit U1 can be JH5700 manufactured by Shenzhen Jinhui Electronics Co., Ltd., and the preferred model is JH5700-ELQFN16.

Furthermore, the power management unit U1 includes a boost conversion module, a switch charging module, and an LDO regulator module.

the power management unit U1 includes: a PMU CHARGE module, a Synchronous BOOST module, a PUMP module, a first Vref module, an ICHARGE SET module, an EN module, a second V_(REF) module, the field effect transistor, the resistor R_(KEY) and an amplifier; wherein

the PMU CHARGE module includes an LDO; the two output ports of the LDO are the LCD port and the VDD port of the chip respectively;

the two direct output ports of the PMU CHARGE module are the LED port and the BATT port of the chip respectively;

the output port of the PMU CHARGE module via the second V_(REF) module (second VREF module) is the BSET port of the chip;

the output port of the PMU CHARGE module via the field effect transistor is the DCIN port of the chip;

the Synchronous BOOST module is connected with the PMU CHARGE module;

the Synchronous BOOST module has 5 direct output ports: the GND port, the GN port, the SW port, the GP port and the VCC port of the chip;

the output port of the node between the Synchronous BOOST module and the GP port via the PUMP is the VHS port of the chip;

the Synchronous BOOST module is connected with the amplifier; one port of the amplifier is the FBH port of the chip, and the other port of the amplifier is connected with the first Vref module; one output port of the first Vref module is the FBL port of the chip, and the other output port outputting through the ICHARGE SET module, is the CS port;

the Synchronous BOOST module is connected with one end of the EN module; the other end of the EN module is the EN port of the chip; the node of the EN module and the EN port of the chip is connected with one end of the resistor R_(KEY).

Beneficial Technical Effects

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, our company (Shenzhen Jinhui Electronics Co., Ltd.) developed the JH5700 chip (the current iterative optimized model is JH5700-ELQFN16) and the charging-discharging circuit. The product fills the gap in the market where there is no automatic charging-discharging switching circuit with the same interface, which enables the same interface (VCC/GND) to realize both discharging and charging functions. The circuit of the disclosure is simple and has broad application prospects. The product of the disclosure uses a 5V-30V power supply to charge, and mobile phone adapters, portable power supply, and other 5V power supplies can be used as chargers. It is not limited to the 5V of traditional power supplies, and the range of input voltage of charging is wide.

The product of the disclosure uses a special charger for charging, and the charging power is automatically adapted and the maximum charging power is automatically limited. The product can be carried with you without the inconvenience of charging.

The product of the disclosure uses parallel batteries boosting power supply instead of the traditional 12V-24V series batteries, solving the problems of unbalanced and unsafe charging of traditional series batteries, greatly reducing the size of the battery pack, and making the product have the advantages of small size, light weight, and long service life.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structure diagram of a power management unit U1 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The structural features of the disclosure will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit includes a power management unit (PMU) U1, field effect transistors Q1-Q2, capacitors C1-C5, resistors R1-R8, a diode D1, and an inductor L1.

The power management unit U1 includes a LED (charging indicator) port (pin 2), an LVD (discharging indicator) port (pin 1), an EN (enabling control boos) port (pin 3), a VDD (internal system power supply) port (pin 4), a GND (system ground) port (pin 5), a VSET/NTC (battery voltage selection, also marked as VSET) port (pin 6), a CS (charging current detection) port (pin 7), a BATT (battery connection) port (pin 8), a GN (low-end MOS gate drive) port (pin 9), a SW (connected inductor) port (pin 10), a GP (high-end MOS gate drive) port (pin 11), a VHS (high-end MOS bootstrap) port (pin 12), a VCC (DC-DC output) port (pin 13), an FBH (feedback high) port (pin 14), an FBL (feedback low) port (pin 15), and a DCIN (low-voltage charging input detection) port (pin 16). The power management unit U1 also includes an EPAD (bottom heat sink).

One end of the resistor R1, one end of the resistor R2, and the anode of the diode D1 are connected together as the DCIN port in the circuit. The other end of the resistor R1 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the DCIN port of the power management unit U1.

The cathode of the diode D1, one end of the resistor R5, the VCC port of the power management unit U1, one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the capacitor C2, and the source of the field effect transistor Q1 are connected together as the VCC port in the circuit. The other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the VHS port of the power management unit U1, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded.

The other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the FBH port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the resistor R4.

The other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the FBL port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the resistor R3. The other end of the resistor R3 is grounded.

The gate of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the GP port of the power management unit U1. The drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the SW port of the power management unit U1, the drain of the field effect transistor Q1, and one end of the inductor L1.

The gate of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the GN port of the power management unit U1. The source of the field effect transistor is grounded.

The other end of the inductor L1 is connected with the BATT port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C4. One end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of the resistor R8.

The co-node of the other end of the inductor L1, the BATT port of the power management unit U1, and one end of the capacitor C4 is the positive electrode of the power supply in the circuit. The co-node of one end of the resistor R7 and one end of the resistor R8 is the negative electrode of the power supply in the circuit.

The other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the CS port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C5. The other end of the resistor R8, the other end of the capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C5, and the GND port are all grounded.

The VSET/NTC port of the power management unit U1 is grounded via the resistor R6. Furthermore, the VSET/NTC (battery voltage selection) port is the port for battery voltage selection and temperature detection, which can be used for VSET (battery voltage selection) and also for NTC (temperature detection).

The EN port of the power management unit U1 and the VDD port of the power management unit U1 are connected with one end of the capacitor C3, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded.

Furthermore, the power management unit U1 includes an LVD (low-voltage battery warning signal) port and an LED (charging indicator) port, wherein the LVD port is the LVD port in the circuit, used for low-voltage detection on battery when the power supply (or battery) is discharging. The LED port is the LED port in the circuit, used as a charging indicator LED when the battery or power supply is charging.

Furthermore, the circuit is an automatic charging-discharging switchable, 100WMAX synchronous boost and 1-3 cells lithium or lead-acid battery charging management circuit with an external power transistor and having the same interface and a single inductor. The circuit supports 5-24V input to charge lithium or lead-acid batteries with a maximum charging current up to 4 A.

Furthermore, in the circuit, D1, C1, C2, Q1, Q2, L1, C4, C5, R7, and R8 constitute a built-in charging switch control circuit with current-limiting function. The circuit is capable of constant current and constant voltage charging controlled by temperature regulation and supports 0V charging for lithium batteries. The circuit can regulate the preset voltage for fully charging the battery with a high-precision:

VFULL=4.2V/8.4V/12.6V/14.1V(±1.0%), with a mechanism as follows.

The power management unit (PMU) U1 has an integrated Boost synchronous boost charging controller with a standby function and with a switching frequency of 350 KHz.

When the pin EN (i.e. EN (enabling control boost) port, the “port” and the “pin” are synonymous in the disclosure) is connected to a high level, the boost operation is performed and an output voltage output from the VCC pin is set by feedback resistors. The feedback resistors refer to resistors R5, R4, and R3 in the circuit. The applications in the drawings are RH (R5), RM (R4), RL (R3).

$V_{OUT} = {\frac{R_{5} + R_{4} + R_{3}}{R_{4} + R_{3}} \times V_{REF}}$

wherein, V_(REF) is the reference voltage, and V_(OUT) is the voltage of VCC.

Furthermore, the power supply (or battery) is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply in the circuit. That is one end of the power supply (or battery) is connected with the co-node of the other end of the inductor L1, the BATT port of the power management unit U1, and one end of the capacitor C4, wherein the co-node is the positive electrode. The other end of the power supply (or battery) is connected with the co-node formed by one end of resistor R7 and one end of resistor R8, wherein the co-node is the negative electrode.

Further, in the boost-discharging mode, the battery voltage is limited to not lower than the minimum voltage (V_(MIN)). When the battery voltage is lower than the low voltage threshold (V_(LVD)), the LVD pin will switch from high impedance to low impedance, and the voltage will be converted from high level to low level.

When the battery voltage is lower than the locking threshold (V_(UVLO)), the chip will be locked. The parameter table of low-voltage discharging protection for battery (the table below) is shown as follows:

Parameter Table of Low-Voltage Discharging Protection for Battery

Battery Type V_(UVLO) V_(MIN) V_(LVD−) V_(LVD+) Lithium 1 cell 2.83 V 2.97 V 3.40 V 3.57 V Lithium 2 cell 5.66 V 5.95 V 6.80 V 7.14 V Lithium 3 cell 8.50 V 8.92 V 10.2 V 10.71 V Lead-acid 9.16 V 9.62 V 11.0 V 11.55 V

In the above table, Lithium 1 cell is a single-cell lithium battery, Lithium 2 cell is a 2-cell series-connected lithium battery, Lithium 3 cell is a 3-cell series-connected lithium battery, and Lead-acid is a lead-acid battery. V_(UVLO), V_(MIN), V_(LVD−), V_(LVD+) mean respectively the lowest locked voltage and the highest locked voltage of the battery when discharged, the lowest voltage and the highest voltage of warning charging.

The charging critical point (VIN) at the VCC pin is regulated to the lowest level defined by the feedback resistors (R3, R4, and R5).

$V_{IN} = {\frac{R_{3} + R_{4} + R_{5}}{R_{5}} \times V_{REF}}$

Furthermore, in the discharging mode, the converter will detect the V_(ouT) voltage and the V_(IN) voltage of the VCC pin. If the voltage of VCC is higher than the charging critical point (V_(IN)), the circuit will enter the charging mode. If the voltage of VCC is lower than the charging critical point (V_(IN)), the circuit will enter the battery boost mode.

When the external adapter is connected to the VCC for power supply, the power of the adapter is not enough, and the voltage is lower than the critical point (V_(IN)), the converter will boost the voltage to VOUT to supplement the power supply, which improves the reduced load capacity caused by insufficient power of the adapter, thus reducing the cost of the adapter power supply.

Moreover, the boost output voltage of the circuit is of high-precision:

VOUT=5˜24V(±2.5%).

The circuit can continuously output large current: IOP=6 A (when the total power is 120 W).

This circuit has under-voltage protection for the built-in lithium battery:

VUVLO=2.83V*N.

Furthermore, the LVD port of the circuit is connected to an external light emitting diode (LED), which flashes when charging and is normally on after full charging. The package form of the circuit is eLQFN16, 3×3 mm.

Furthermore, the power management unit U1 can be JH5700 manufactured by Shenzhen Jinhui Electronics Co., Ltd., and the preferred model is JH5700-ELQFN16.

Furthermore, the power management unit U1 includes a boost conversion module, a switch charging module, and an LDO regulator module.

Referring to FIG. 2, furthermore, the power management unit U1 includes the PMU CHARGE module, the Synchronous BOOST module, the PUMP module, the first Vref module, the ICHARGE SET module, the EN module, the second V_(REF) module, the field effect transistor, the resistor R_(KEY) and the amplifier. The PMU CHARGE module includes the LDO. The two output ports of the LDO are the LCD port and the VDD port of the chip respectively. The two direct output ports of the PMU CHARGE module are the LED port and the BATT port of the chip respectively. The output port of the PMU CHARGE module via the second V_(REF) module (second VREF module) is the BSET port of the chip. The output port of the PMU CHARGE module via the field effect transistor is the DCIN port of the chip. The Synchronous BOOST module is connected with the PMU CHARGE module. The Synchronous BOOST module has 5 direct output ports: the GND port, the GN port, the SW port, the GP port and the VCC port of the chip. The output port of the node between the Synchronous BOOST module and the GP port via the PUMP is the VHS port of the chip. The Synchronous BOOST module is connected with the amplifier. One port of the amplifier is the FBH port of the chip, and the other port of the amplifier is connected with the first Vref module. One output port of the first Vref module is the FBL port of the chip, and the other output port, outputting through the ICHARGE SET module, is the CS port. The Synchronous BOOST module is connected with one end of the EN module. The other end of the EN module is the EN port of the chip. The node of the EN module and the EN port of the chip is connected with one end of the resistor R_(KEY).

The performance of the power management unit U1 in the disclosure is shown in the following table (JH5700 electrical characteristics).

Parameters name Symbol Value Unit VDD V_(MAX)  −0.3~6.0 V SW, DCIN, VCC V_(MAX) −0.3~30 V BATT V_(MAX) −0.3~18 V BST V_(MAX) V_(SW) − 0.3~V_(SW) + 6 V GH V_(MAX)  V_(SW) − 0.3~V_(BST) + 0.3 V ALL OTHER PIN V_(MAX)     0.3~V_(DD) + 0.3 V Working temperature T_(OPE) −40 to +85  ° C. Chip junction temperature T_(J) −40 to +125 ° C. Storage temperature T_(STG) −60 to +150 ° C. Reflow soldering temperature T_(SOLD) 300 ° C.

The maximum power consumption of the disclosure depends on three factors: T_(JMCSC), T_(A), and θ_(JA), and the calculation formula is P_(DMCSC)=(T_(JRMCSC)−T_(A))/θ_(JA). The T_(JMCSC) of the JH5700 circuit is 125° C., the T_(A) is the temperature of the external environment, and the θ_(JA) depends on different packaging forms (the θ_(JA) of QFN packaging is 130° C./W). The larger the external heat dissipation area, the lower the thermal resistance.

The electrical characteristics of the power management unit U1 (JH5700 electrical characteristics) of the disclosure are shown in the following table (T_(A)=25° C., V_(IN)=5V, V_(DD)=3.6V unless otherwise specified).

Parameters name Symbol Test Conditions Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Summary Range of output voltage V_(CC) 0 24 V Resting current I_(DD) Standby mode 50 100 uA Operating mode 1 3 mA Low-voltage threshold V_(LVD) R_(VSET) = 10K 3.4 V R_(VSET) = 33K 6.8 R_(VSET) = 100K 10.2 R_(VSET) = 330K 11.0 Enable port pull- down R_(KEY) 1.7 MΩ resistor Output voltage of VCC V_(CC) 4.8 5.1 5.3 V Thermal protection T_(SD) 140 ° C. shutdown temperature Lithium battery charging part Trickle charging threshold V_(TK) 2.83 V/cell Trickle charging current I_(TK) R_(CS) = 50 mΩ 250 mA Constant-current charging I_(CHG) R_(CS) = 50 mΩ 1000 mA current Voltage reference for V_(CS) 40 50 60 mV current detection Preset charging voltage V_(PRESET) RVSET = 330K 4.15 4.20 4.25 V RVSET = 100K 8.30 8.40 8.50 RVSET = 33K 12.4 12.6 12.8 RVSET = 10K 13.8 14.1 14.4 Final charging current I_(END) RCS = 50 mΩ 250 mA Normal charging time t_(timer1) 12 hours Trickle charging time t_(timer2) 1 hours Boost conversion part FB reference voltage V_(REF) FBH and FBL 2.05 2.10 2.15 V Operating frequency f_(SW) 350 kHz Soft start time t_(SS) 0.3 ms Current-limiting V_(DS) 230 mV source/drain voltage of MOS transistor

The disclosure also has the following technical characteristics.

1. Preset charging voltage: For different requirements of lithium battery, the pre-charging voltage of lithium battery can be set by the resistance of resistor RSET under VSET pin. Recommended resistors for typical voltage as shown in the following table.

R_(SET) Battery Type V_(PRESET) 330kΩ Lithium 1 cell 4.20 V 100kΩ Lithium 2 cell 8.40 V  33kΩ Lithium 3 cell 12.6 V  10kΩ Lead-acid 14.1 V

Preset charging current: According to different requirements, the charging current can be set by the RSET resistor.

The normal charging current value is:

$I_{CHG} - \frac{V_{CS}}{R_{SET}}$

wherein VCS=50 mV. If RSET=50 mΩ, the charging current is 1000 mA.

Trickle charging current: when the voltage of the lithium battery is lower than V_(TRK)(2.8V*N-cell), the charger will charge the battery with low current I_(TRK).

I _(TRK)=¼I _(CHG)

Battery Type V_(TRK) Lithium 1 cell 2.80 V Lithium 2 cell 5.60 V Lithium 3 cell 8.40 V Lead-acid 9.16 V

Charge termination: When the battery is charged to V_(PRESET) and the charging current drops below I_(END), the battery is full and the charging cycle is complete.

I _(END)=¼I _(CHG)

LED charging indication is as shown in the following table.

Charging mode LED indication No charging Always off Normal charging ¼ HZ flashing full charging Always on

Charging time protection: if the battery is not fully charged after 1 hour of trickle charging or 12 hours of normal charging, the charging will be stopped. By default, the battery is a bad battery.

Charging adaptive voltage: For different adapters, when the charging input voltage is lower than VCC, DCIN can be pulled high to forcibly switch to the charging mode. The function will not damage the adapter due to overload. If the adapter voltage is higher than the set output voltage 0.5V, it will automatically convert boost to step-down charging.

LDO voltage regulator: the system power supply voltage is linearly stepped down from OUT to obtain a higher voltage, wherein the typical value VDD=5.5V. The system voltage is without loading capacity, thus cannot be used externally to avoid damage to the circuit. The maximum current is 8 mA. If the VDD voltage is too low, the boost operation will be shut-down.

Charging protection: JH5700 has a complete protection function. The product has a soft-start function to prevent malfunctions caused by excessive inrush current during startup and integrates protection functions such as output over-current protection, short-circuit protection, under-voltage protection, and over-temperature protection to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system.

In order to better illustrate the structural characteristics, the disclosure will now be further illustrated as follows in connection with FIG. 3.

The R1, R2, and R3 in FIG. 3 correspond to the RH, RM, and RL in the following formula. The Q1, Q2, and L1 in FIG. 1 correspond to the Q1, Q2, and L1 in FIG. 3. The C2 in FIG. 1 corresponds to the C1 in FIG. 3, and the C4 in FIG. 1 corresponds to the C2 in FIG. 3.

Referring to the circuit in FIG. 3, the BATT/GND is the battery interface, and the VCC/GND is the charging-discharging interface. The Q1, Q2, and L1 in FIG. 3 are controlled by U1 and together form a voltage boost/step-down circuit. The R1, R2, and R3 are feedback resistors, used to set the discharging voltage and charging voltage.

When discharging, the boost/step-down circuit will take power from the battery port (BATT/GND) and boost it to the output port (VCC/GND). The output voltage (VOUT) is set by the internal reference voltage (VREF) of U1 and the external resistors (R1, R2 and R3).

$V_{OUT} = {\frac{R_{H} + R_{M} + R_{L}}{R_{M} + R_{L}} \times V_{REF}}$

When discharging, if the voltage of VCC is higher than the charging critical point (VIN), the circuit will enter the charging mode. When charging, the boost/step-down circuit will take power from the input port (VCC/GND) and step it down to the battery port (BATT/GND) to charge the battery.

$V_{IN} = {\frac{R_{H} + R_{M} + R_{L}}{R_{L}} \times V_{REF}}$

When VIN is set higher than VOUT, the boost/step-down circuit will maintain VCC at a set voltage (VOUT). The load can be connected to the VCC for power. If an external power supply higher than VIN is connected to VCC, the boost/step-down circuit will charge the battery. Thus we can realize discharging and charging functions on the same interface (VCC/GND). 

1. A single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit, comprising a power management unit U1, field effect transistors Q1-Q2, capacitors C1-C5, resistors R1-R8, a diode D1, and an inductor L1; wherein: the power management unit U1 comprises an LED port, an LVD port, an EN port, a VDD port, a GND port, a VSET/NTC port, a CS port, a BATT port, a GN port, a SW port, a GP port, a VHS port, a VCC port, an FBH port, an FBL port, and a DCIN port; one end of the resistor R1, one end of the resistor R2, and an anode of the diode D1 are connected together as the DCIN port in the circuit; the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the DCIN port of the power management unit U1; a cathode of the diode D1, one end of the resistor R5, the VCC port of the power management unit U1, one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the capacitor C2, and a source of the field effect transistor Q1 are connected together as the VCC port in the circuit; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the VHS port of the power management unit U1; the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the FBH port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the resistor R4; the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the FBL port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the resistor R3; the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded; a gate of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the GP port of the power management unit U1; a drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the SW port of the power management unit U1, the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 and one end of the inductor L1; the gate of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the GN port of the power management unit U1; the source of the field effect transistor is grounded; the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with the BATT port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C4; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of the resistor R8; the co-node of the other end of the inductor L1, the BATT port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C4 is the positive electrode of the power supply in the circuit; the co-node of one end of the resistor R7 and one end of the resistor R8 is the negative electrode of the power supply in the circuit; the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the CS port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C5; the other end of the resistor R8, the other end of the capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C5 and the GND port are all grounded; the VSET/NTC port of the power management unit U1 is grounded via the resistor R6; the EN port of the power management unit U1 and the VDD port of the power management unit U1 are connected with one end of the capacitor C3; the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded.
 2. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein the power management unit U1 comprises an LVD port and an LED port, wherein the LVD port is the LVD port in the circuit, used for low-voltage detection on battery when the power supply is discharging; and the LED port is the LED port in the circuit, used as a charging indicator LED when the battery or power supply is charging.
 3. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is an automatic charging-discharging switchable, 100WMAX synchronous boost and 1-3 cells lithium or lead-acid battery charging management circuit with an external power transistor and having a same interface and a single inductor, the circuit supports 5-24V input to charge lithium or lead-acid batteries with a maximum charging current up to 4 A.
 4. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein in the circuit, D1, C1, C2, Q1, Q2, L1, C4, C5, R7 and R8 constitute a built-in charging switch control circuit with current-limiting function; the circuit is capable of constant current and constant voltage charging controlled by temperature regulation, and supports 0V charging for lithium battery; the circuit can regulate a preset voltage for fully charging a battery with a high-precision: VFULL=4.2V/8.4V/12.6V/14.1V (±1.0%); with a mechanism as follows: the power management unit U1 has an integrated Boost synchronous boost charging controller with a standby function and with a switching frequency of 350 KHz, when a pin EN is connected to a high level, the boost operation is performed and an output voltage output from the VCC pin is set by feedback resistors; the feedback resistors refer to resistors R5, R4 and R3 in the circuit.
 5. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein the power supply is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply in the circuit; that is one end of the power supply is connected with the co-node of the other end of the inductor L1, the BATT port of the power management unit U1 and one end of the capacitor C4, wherein the co-node is the positive electrode; the other end of the power supply is connected with the co-node formed by one end of resistor R7 and one end of resistor R8, wherein the co-node is the negative electrode;
 6. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein in the boost-discharging mode, the battery voltage is limited to not lower than the minimum voltage; when the battery voltage is lower than the low voltage threshold, the LVD pin will switch from high impedance to low impedance, and the voltage will be converted from high level to low level; when the battery voltage is lower than a locking threshold, the chip will be locked.
 7. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein in the discharging mode, the converter will detect the voltage V_(OUT) and the voltage V_(N) of the VCC pin; if the voltage of the VCC is higher than a charging critical point (V_(IN)), the circuit will enter a charging mode; if the voltage of the VCC is lower than the charging critical point (V_(IN)), the circuit will enter a battery boost mode; when the external adapter is connected to the VCC for power supply, the power of the adapter is not enough and the voltage is lower than the critical point (V_(IN)), the converter will boost the voltage to VOUT to supplement the power supply, which improves the reduced load capacity caused by insufficient power of the adapter, thus reducing the cost of the adapter power supply.
 8. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein the boost output voltage of the circuit is of high-precision: VOUT=5˜24V, ±2.5%; the circuit can continuously output large current: IOP=6 A, when the total power is 120 W; this circuit has under-voltage protection for the lithium battery: VUVLO=2.83V*N.
 9. The power management unit U1 can be JH5700 manufactured by Shenzhen Jinhui Electronics Co., Ltd., and the preferred model is JH5700-ELQFN16.
 10. The single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit of claim 1, wherein the power management unit U1 comprises: a PMU CHARGE module, a Synchronous BOOST module, a PUMP module, a first Vref module, an ICHARGE SET module, an EN module, a second V_(REF) module, the field effect transistor, the resistor R_(KEY) and an amplifier; the PMU CHARGE module comprises an LDO; the two output ports of the LDO are the LCD port and the VDD port of the chip respectively; the two direct output ports of the PMU CHARGE module are the LED port and the BATT port of the chip respectively; the output port of the PMU CHARGE module via the second V_(REF) module (second VREF module) is the BSET port of the chip; the output port of the PMU CHARGE module via the field effect transistor is the DCIN port of the chip; the Synchronous BOOST module is connected with the PMU CHARGE module; the Synchronous BOOST module has 5 direct output ports: the GND port, the GN port, the SW port, the GP port and the VCC port of the chip; the output port of the node between the Synchronous BOOST module and the GP port via the PUMP is the VHS port of the chip; the Synchronous BOOST module is connected with the amplifier; one port of the amplifier is the FBH port of the chip, and the other port of the amplifier is connected with the first Vref module; one output port of the first Vref module is the FBL port of the chip, and the other output port outputting through the ICHARGE SET module, is the CS port; the Synchronous BOOST module is connected with one end of the EN module; the other end of the EN module is the EN port of the chip; the node of the EN module and the EN port of the chip is connected with one end of the resistor R_(KEY). 